Free CLEP-BIOLOGY sample questions
Questions from the CLEP Biology practice bank, with the correct answer and an explanation for each one. No junk, no filler.
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Showing 6 of 12 free sample questions.
During DNA replication in Escherichia coli, which TWO of the following enzymes are directly required to remove RNA primers and join adjacent Okazaki fragments into a continuous DNA strand? (Select TWO)
A molecular biology research team investigates an engineered bacterial strain displaying constitutive expression of an inducible operon. In wild-type cells, transcription of the structural genes is strongly repressed unless a specific small-molecule inducer is present in the culture medium. In the mutant strain, however, the structural enzymes are continuously synthesized at maximal levels even in the complete absence of the inducer. Genetic sequencing of the mutant reveals a missense mutation in the regulatory gene coding for the repressor protein. In vitro biochemical binding assays show that the mutant repressor protein is properly folded and stably expressed, but it exhibits zero binding affinity for the operator sequence of the operon. Which molecular mechanism best accounts for the continuous transcription of the operon in this bacterial strain?
According to the cohesion-tension theory of sap ascent in vascular plants, what is the primary physical mechanism pulling water from root systems up to the highest foliage of tall trees? flowchart TD A["Stomata: Transpiration of Water Vapor into Atmosphere"] -->|Generates Negative Tension| B["Mesophyll Cell Walls and Menisci"] B -->|Cohesion & Adhesion Pulls Column| C["Xylem Vessel Elements & Tracheids"] C -->|Draws Water Upward| D["Root Cortex and Soil Solution"]
In angiosperm leaves, which specialized epidermal structures regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen while controlling transpirational water vapor loss?
True or False: In angiosperms, phloem translocation of organic photoassimilates occurs strictly in a downward direction, moving exclusively from mature source leaves down to underground root storage sinks.
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